Strategies, tactics, and errors in dynamic decision making in an Asian sample

The current study had three goals: (1) to investigate strategies, tactics, and errors as predictors of success and failure under uncertainty following the dynamic decision making (DDM) and complex problem solving (CPS) framework; (2) to use observation and to examine its reliability and potential as a data collection method when using microworlds; and (3) to investigate the applicability and validity of a microworld developed in the West, to an Asian sample. One hundred three participants in the Philippines took the role of fire chief in the microworld WINFIRE (Gerdes, Dörner, & Pfeiffer, 1993). Their strategies, tactics, and errors were observed and coded by experimenters as they worked individually on the simulation twice. Results showed that (1) DDM strategies, tactics, and errors predicted success and failure in WINFIRE, and strategies and tactics that led to success increased while errors decreased over time; (2) strategies, tactics, and errors can be validly assessed through observation by experimenters, specifically that two types of decision makers were identified: the active, flexible, and big picture planners and the slow or cautious, and singlefocused decision makers; (3) these findings together with participants’ survey ratings speak for the applicability of the microworld in an East Asian sample and for its validity. Findings are potentially relevant for experts and for training programs, highlighting the benefits of virtual environments during DDM.