Task Complexity and Difficulty in Two Computer-Simulated Problems: Cross-cultural Similarities and Differences

Complex problems have often been described along certain dimensions, e.g. complexity, transparency, and dynamics. However, problem descriptions of the researcher and problem-characteristics perceived by the participant might differ. This study investigates subjective task complexity and its relationship to complex problem solving performance. Research questions are: Do problem perceptions differ a) between different complex problems? b) between cultures? and c) between participants’ performance? Two hundred eighty three students from the US, Brazil, and India participated in this study. Participants played the two computer simulations, Fire and Coldstore, and filled out a problem-characteristics questionnaire after each simulation. Factor analysis revealed two factors; one labeled “Task Complexity”, the other “Task Difficulty”. Results indicate a) that Fire was perceived as more complex and more difficult than Coldstore in the Brazilian and US sample. The Indian sample perceived both problems as equally complex and difficult; b) a significant main effect of culture was found in Fire and Coldstore regarding Complexity; c) a significant main effect of performance was found for Task Difficulty in Fire and Coldstore, but not for Task Complexity. Cultural variables that could explain the results, such as uncertainty avoidance and differences in computer experience, are presented. Results are further discussed under a theoretical and applied perspective.